The technologies to be demonstrated for green gram were identified based on Participatory Rural Approach (PRA) technique. A group of co-operative farmers were identified based on their participation and feedback received during the preliminary survey and interactive meeting. Front line demonstrations were conducted by the Krishi Vigyan Kendra Shajapur Madhya Pradesh in Kharif seasons in the farmer’s field of Shajapur district during 2013-14 to 2018-19. All 45 demonstrations were conducted by the active participation of farmers with the objective to demonstrate the improved technologies of pulses production potential in different villages.

A total area of 2 to 4 hectare in every year was fixed for the demonstration of technology in green gram along with farmer practice as control plot. Pre-sowing training were organized involving the selected farmers in their village for the crop critical inputs for the technologies to be demonstrated (Table 1) were distributed to the farmers after the training like improved high yielding variety ,recommended chemical, other literature, regular visit, monitoring, pest and disease advisory services management by KVK scientist to the demo farmers. Finally field day was conducted ATARI, officials from Department of Agriculture and local extension functionaries to demonstrate the superiority of each technology for green gram crop. Crop yield was recorded from the demonstration and control plot for the crops at the time of harvesting.

The yield data were collected from the demonstrations and farmers practice by random crop cutting method and analysis was done by using simple statistical tools. The technology gap, technological index, farm profitability and B: C ratio was calculated by using the formula as given below:

Technology gap = Potential yield – Demonstration yield

Table 2 shows that the average yield recorded in green gram under rain fed situation was ranged 5.31 to 10.2 qt/ha with an average of 7.98 qt/ha in FLD plots which was more than check plot wherein, the yield was varied from 4.2 to 8.6 qt/ha with an average of 5.89 qt/ ha. The results indicated that the front line demonstration gave good impact over the farming community of Shajapur district as they were motivated by new agricultural technologies applied in the FLD plots. The fluctuations in over all yield of green gram from 2013-14 to 2018-19 was due to the YMV and weather condition in Shajapur district. The yield of demonstrated plots over check plots was found 41.4% in 2013-14, 44.6% in 2014-15, 33.3 in 2015-16, 57.40% in 2016-17, 26.42 in 201718 and 18.60 in 2018-19. The average percentage increased in yield of demonstrated plots was 35.48% over check plots.

Yield data and economic parameter are presented in Table 3. The result reveled that yield of green gram was considerably more under demonstration plot as compared to check plot in years 2013-14 to 2018-19. The yield of green gram under demonstration plot was received as 8.20, 6.48, 9.20, 8.50, 5.31 and 10.2 qt/ha in 2013-14, 2014-15, 2015-16, 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19 respectively. Improvement in yield due to technology intervention was 41.4, 44.64, 33.33, 57.40, 26.42 and 18.60 percent higher as compared to control. The pronounced influence of adoption of technologies over five years gave the yield of 7.98 qt/ha which was 38.63% more as compared to local check. It might be due to various factors like social and economic conditions and prevailing microclimatic condition which affect the yield of this crop. It is also confirmed by other workers that identification, farming situation and intervention have great importance to enhance the productivity under demonstration has also supported by various workers, Lalit et al. (2015) and Pradeep Pagaria (2015).

It is clear from the Table 4 per hectare gross returns of ₹ 45507 were obtained in demonstration plots while ₹ 32261 in farmers practices resulting in additional returns of ₹ 13246. The average net return of ₹ 33274 was obtained in demonstration which was 44.64 percent higher than farmer practices ₹ 23003.66. The B: C ratio was 22.68 percent higher over farmer practices.

The economic analysis made on the basis of prevailing market rates in Table 5 shows that the demonstration gave higher net return of ₹ 10000/ ha, ₹ 31620/ha, ₹ 19400/ha, ₹ 39100/ha, ₹ 24046/ha and ₹ 75480/ha compared to ₹ 5000/ha, ₹ 19220/ha, ₹ 13650/ha, ₹ 22800/ha, ₹ 17720/ha and ₹ 59632/ha under local practices in the corresponding seasons. There was an additional cost of cultivation ₹ 1000 (2011-12), ₹ 1000 (2012-13) ₹ 2300 (2013-14), ₹ 2300 (2014-15), ₹ 1000 (2015-16) and ₹ 650 (2016-17) respectively. Incremental benefit cost ratio was observed 1.95, 4.01, 2.52, 4.20, 3.14 and 4.52 as compared with local check 1.52, 3.06, 2.30, 3.37, 2.70 and 3.72 respectively years. Similar findings have also reported by Raj et al. (2013) and Chandra Ganesh (2010).

Comparing with local check the noticeable and clearly visible impact of adoption of new agricultural technologies over a period of five years was in yield from 5.89 q/ha to 7.98 q/ha which was 35.48% higher. It was due the use of improved variety of green gram like TJM-3 (Synchronous Maturity), proper doses of fertilizer (20 kg. Nitrogen & 40 kg. Phosphorus per ha), hand weeding plus intercultural operations with hand hoe. The B:C ration was 22.68 percent higher over farmer practices. Also in demonstration the average net return ₹/qt 10,270.67 was found to be higher than farmer practices. It won’t be wrong to say that green gram production technology has a broad scope for increasing the area and production of Green gram. In shajapur district farming community were motivated after reflection of the better result by new agricultural technologies applied in the FLD plots.